Chimpanzees Exhibit Culture Through Social Interaction

The concept of culture to many individuals may be perceived as a combination of language, beliefs, norms, values and customs shared amongst individuals; passed along generations to be carried out within a society. In a society, individuals make up social groupings that form ideas, behaviors and materials objects that encompass what they define as culture. Culture is not only essential for survival, but for growth and communication; through interaction, observation and imitation our behavioral patterns thus create culture. Since culture is such a tool kit for survival, it does not come as a surprise that culture is apparent in animals. Animal culture refers to the theory of social interaction, through means of learning, artifacts, behavior patterns, animals such as chimpanzees, pass their knowledge through generations, much like humans do. Throughout this paper I will begin to identify that similar to humans, chimpanzees exhibit culture. By looking at norms, behaviors, attitudes, and comparing to those of human characteristics, I will prove chimpanzees learn culture through social interaction. Culture has a strong influence on a variety of aspects in our lives; many may know it to be an aspect uniquely acquired by humans. The debate drives onto scrutinize if apes, such as chimpanzees are influenced by culture and its impact on chimpanzee social groups. The concept of social learning has become such a popular source in distinguishing if animals, do in fact exhibit culture.Show MoreRelatedThe True Cost Of Animal Experimentation Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pageswith AWA. The university has been â€Å"[repeatedly] cited for experiments that deprive monkeys of water.† Also, Princeton University has been cited for major violations of AWA which include â€Å"filing a fraudulent report with the USDA,† â€Å"primate deaths through malnutrition, deaths due to lack of veterinary care, and other primates being killed in a cage washer. . . .† (The Animal Welfare Act). These are only a few of the documented cases of physical abuse that are all too common in research facilities.Read MoreEthics : Ethics And Morality1476 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: It is hard, and almost impossible to pinpoint a single human universal on ethics and morality. Ethics among different cultures is so vast, even though every culture does have a standard for ethics which they live by. Although ethics is a broad human universal, there is no specific universal ethic. Each world religion holds a different ethic as their highest ethic; it is always a case by case basis. Theory: Ethics serve as an adaptive function in modern environment, more than everRead MorePrimates And Evolution Of Primates1325 Words   |  6 Pageslorises, and galagoes. On the other hand, Haplorhini include primates like monkeys, tarsiers, apes, and humans. The Social Behavior and Structure of Primates Humans are products of the same evolutionary forces that have produced other species and they can be expected to exhibit the same behavioral patterns seen in other primates. Even though most aspects of cultural and social life are uniquely human, the same has been found to be happening to other non-human primates. The only differenceRead MoreAnimal Culture And Its Effects On Human Culture1777 Words   |  8 Pages Animal culture is studied through comparative studies between populations and locations, field observations, and laboratory experiments. It is important to be critical in evaluating the results of these studies because behaviors in artificial situations or captivity will be different than in the wild. Animals are likely to act differently when they are not in their natural environment. Behaviors will vary and the long lasting effects of the behaviors may not be visible (Lalaland, 2003). EvidenceRead MoreSocial Behavior Among Monkeys May Be More Nature Than Nurture5979 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿Social Behavior Among Monkeys May Be More Nature Than Nurture ScienceDaily (Dec. 4, 2003) — An unusual experiment with monkeys who were switched between mothers shortly after birth has demonstrated the importance of nature over nurture in behavior. Rearing Young monkeys reared by a mother other than their own are more likely to exhibit the aggressive or friendly behavior of their birth mothers rather than the behavior of their foster mothers, a University of Chicago researcher has shown for theRead MoreLeadership Profile, Jane Goodall4664 Words   |  19 PagesPersonal Leadership Profile Abstract The following report is a reflective a case study of Jane Goodall, the influential leader who I admire. I have analyze the various dimensions of the Jane Goodall’s strengths and limitations through data collections from reputable sources, evaluating her personal traits, behavioral styles, situational responsiveness, communication skills ,and other dimensions of leadership. I have also evaluated my own strengths and limitations of these same dimensions, compilingRead More Aging:The Original Human Condition Essay3397 Words   |  14 Pagesthe effects of aging, especially those which go beyond the biological aspects and effect the social aspects of changing roles, seniority, and treatment of the aged? What was the original human condition before high-tech medical interventions redefined death and dying, before the industrial age changed the nature of the nuclear and extended family? Going back still farther, what can the behavior of chimpanzees tell us about the origins of our responses to the aging of those around us? Having workedRead More Masculinity and Evolutionary Psychology Essay1836 Words   |  8 Pageshuman masculinity through science has been a major focus of evolutionary psychology. This paper seeks to explain why masculinity cannot be explained by sociology alone and will present evidence that certain male behavior such as aggression can be explained through evolutionary psychology and sexual selection. When considering the source of human behavior people often argue about how much human behavior is encoded genetically and how much is learned through interaction with society andRead More Animal Communication Essay example2708 Words   |  11 Pages Throughout this course of study, the concept of language as the demarcation between animals and humans has prevailed. Further, as we have seen in our class readings, many claim that it is through language that our quot;consciousnessquot; and quot;cognitivequot; skills are developed. Accordingly, these skills are necessary for us to interpret and conceptualize our world. What this infers is that because we have these skills and the quot;brutequot; animals do not, animals do not possess theRead MoreEssay on Birth: The Beginning of Life2455 Words   |  10 Pages MacCormack 1), most cultures have distinct patterns that determine how the birthing process will be carried out. The birthing process involves different birthing posi tions; different rules concerning who is allowed to be present during the time of birth; mechanisms for deciding where birth takes place; and different ways by which mother and child deal with labor, birth and postpartum. As a life crisis event, birth is everywhere a candidate for consensual shaping and social regulation the particular

A Thousand Splendid Suns Report - 1455 Words

â€Å"The Reasoning, Existence and Hope for Women’s Rights in the Middle East† The Middle East is notorious for holding women to a lower social status than men. Middle Eastern women have not been allowed to flourish as individuals for hundreds and thousands of years. In her detailed journal on women in the Middle East, Haleh Afshar explains, â€Å"For too long, the analytical parameters for understanding citizenship, identity and the processes of war and migration have been set up by men† ( 237). Either these women rebel or protest against the discrimination, or they are forced to look from the bottom up at society. A Thousand Splendid Suns, written by Khaled Hosseini, narrates the lives of two Afghan women named Mariam and Laila who are†¦show more content†¦Women were forced into situations they didn’t belong in and men were the rulers of them. Before Mariam entered her forced marriage she imagined the situation, â€Å"She pictured herself living there, in Kabul, at the other end of that unimaginable distance, living in a stranger ’s house where she would have to concede to his moods and his issued demands† (Hosseini 45). Like all the women living in Afghanistan at the time, Mariam wasn’t receiving the rights the sacred book of Islam once lived by. It was not the religion that was mistreating the women, it was the men. â€Å"Today, many Muslim women do not have the opportunity to enjoy the rights once considered theirs by their religion† (Afshar 434). Muslim women began taking steps towards equality as, â€Å"feminists effectively inserted a note of reality that reflects the lived experiences of women who experience and participate in very different ways in these processes, including defining their own identities† (Afshar 238). Muslim feminist groups were formed when the Afghans were being controlled by the Taliban and were forced to abide by their laws. Some Taliban laws did not support the aid of any woman in Afghanistan, â€Å"a Taliban-controlled Afghanistan prohib ited women from receiving medical attention from males† (Crocco 110), which left hundreds of women to suffer in unsanitary, run-down clinics. When Laila was finally ready to give birth toShow MoreRelatedA Thousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1504 Words   |  7 PagesA Thousand Splendid Suns is an historical fiction novel, written by Khaled Hosseini, set in Afghanistan during the late 1960’s to early 2000’s. It follows the life of Mariam, a ‘harami’ child, who experiences the twisted reality of polygamy first hand. Hosseini explores thought provoking ideas in a society where gender inequality and poorly valued education is the normality. Hosseini’s main purpose is to show the importance of differing perspectives, as well as how to discern between the right andRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1421 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Khaled Hosseini’s sophomore novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, shares a setting with his previous novel, the turmoil of the recent decades of Afghanistan s existence. However, despite similar themes, Hosseini once again manages to craft a story that is as engaging as it is poignant, as compassionate as it is critical, and as thoughtful as it is visceral. Summary: However, when Laila’s child is born, Aziza, and turns out to be a girl, Laila’s relationship with Rasheed deterioratesRead MoreOverlooking Abuse in A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hossein605 Words   |  2 PagesMore than four million women are physically abused every year in the United States. People rarely believe anything bad will ever happen in their small neighborhood therefore no one questions the bruises someone may have. A Thousand Splendid Suns is a great example of abuse happening within a small neighborhood or no one noticing about what has happened to Mariam and Laila. During the course of the book Rasheed beats both of his wives, Mariam and Laila. No one helps either of them even when they speakRead MoreHistory and Museum – Instilling National Identity and Multiculturalism by display of History in Museum1711 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, China has developed a unique culture which has captured the interest of people from other countries. When fac ing much fiercer competition in the cultural field worldwide, museums should intensify efforts to popularize patriotism and socialism, Sun said. He also encouraged primary and high schools to bring their students to visit museums to improve education. † As the news from Xinhua mentioned, Museums in contemporary China are officially defined as â€Å"the bases of patriotic and socialism education†Read MoreBeauty And Beauty Of Cosmetics Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesravishing and gorgeous, women resort to cosmetics. Some are just into wearing makeup regardless of the occasion. To achieve someone’s appearance attractively, makeup is a substance or material they use. Our world of cosmetics has evolved dated back a thousand years ago. The Ancient Egyptians used lead and copper to create the first cosmetics. As technology advanced, cosmetic industry advanced as well in creating broader cosmetic products. Even though makeups can cover skin blemishes, acne, and freckles Read MoreThousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1765 Words   |  8 Pagesovercoming such hardships of life strengthens one’s soul and it enables them to reveal their inner strength and true character. In Afghanistan, in order for a woman to survive, she must handle adverse situations both physically and emotionally. Thousand Splendid Suns, by Khaled Hosseini, covers an incredible chronicle history of thirty years of Afghanistan. It specifically focusses the anti-Soviet jihad, Mujahideen fighting against Communists in civil war and Taliban tyranny seen from the perspectivesRead MoreThe Importance Of Not Wearing Makeup For A Woman s Beauty Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesravishing and gorgeous, women resort to cosmetics. Some are just into wearing makeup regardless of the occasion. To achieve someone’s appearance attractively, makeup is a substance or material they use. Our world of cosmetics has evolved dated back a thousand years ago. The Ancient Egyptians used lea d and copper to create the first cosmetics. As technology advanced, cosmetic industry advanced as well in creating broader cosmetic products. Even though makeups can cover skin blemishes, acne, and frecklesRead MoreNo More Consumption of Coal3125 Words   |  13 Pagespeople want to restrict it. Renewable energy is the most foreseeable energy consumption to take the place of coal for its ability of being renewable. Coal is a solid black substance that comes from organic matter that was compressed underground for thousands of years. When burning coal, heat and energy will be released, so coal is considered a good fuel for energy generation (Withgott and Brennan, 535). Coal is not the only energy in the world. Besides it, natural gas and oil are also the main traditionalRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesMaterial†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 5. Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 5.1 Content Selection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 5.1.1. Omitted Content: From Evil Monkey to Holy Buddha†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 5.1.2. Added Content: The Victim Called Sun Wukong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 5.1.3. Altered Content: Mischief or Sins?............. 22 5.2. Differences in Referential Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 24 5.2.1. The Decrease in â€Å"Dialogue Content† – Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?......Read MoreNature and Nurture in Frankenstein and Rappaccinis Daughter Essay2520 Words   |  11 Pagesinto town characterize her as a highly educated young woman. We find evidence in that sense from Doctor Baglioni, another character in the story: Rappaccini is said to have instructed her deeply in his science, and that, young and beautiful as fame reports her, she is already qualified to fill a professors chair(Hawthorne 878). But the truth is that, as she confesses later in the story, she knows nothing about the science of botany that her father is involved in; actually, she is only familiar with

The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(59) " it is increasing which consequences in planetary heating\." The paper trades with the construct of a man-made tree called â€Å" ROBOT TREE † . The Robot tree has the possible to absorb C dioxide which is the major cause for the planetary heating. Although methane, azotic oxide, ozone, fluorinated compounds besides account for the planetary heating, C dioxide is the major gas which causes ninety per centum of the planetary heating. We will write a custom essay sample on The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The definition of planetary heating, causes and effects of planetary heating, the solution we propose, how the automaton tree ( man-made tree ) gives a solution to the consequence and the feasibleness of the man-made tree are profoundly discussed in this paper. This paper can move as a guidebook to cognize about the engineering with its seeds and weeds and to acquire the importance of the engineering in the coming hereafter. Introduction: We all know that woods are the hoarded wealths of our Earth. But now, world himself has started to destruct woods -the hoarded wealths of our Earth. By cutting trees, non merely that the rainfall will be reduced, besides the temperature will raise tremendously, which consequences in planetary heating. This causes injury to the whole world. Thus the scientists are giving call to protect forest and salvage world. Research is traveling on sing the issue. In our paper we propose an amazing solution to salvage our Earth from planetary warming.The nursery consequence is being accelerated by releases of certain gases to the ambiance that are doing the Earth ‘s temperature to lift. â€Å" WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING? ? ? Global Warming is defined as the addition of the mean temperature on Earth. As the Earth is acquiring hotter, catastrophes like hurricanes, drouths and inundations are acquiring more frequent. † Over the last 100 old ages, the mean temperature of the air near the EarthA?s surface has risen a little less than 1A ° Celsius ( 0.74 A ± 0.18A °C, or 1.3 A ± 0.32A ° Fahrenheit ) . Does non look all that much? It is responsible for the conspicuous addition in storms, inundations and ramping forest fires we have seen in the last 10 old ages, though, say scientists. A Their informations show that an addition of one grade Celsius makes the Earth heater now than it has been for at least a thousand old ages. Out of the 20 warmest old ages on record, 19 have occurred since 1980. The three hottest old ages of all time observed have all occurred in the last eight old ages, even. 180px-2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison MAIN CAUSES FOR GLOBAL Heating: Carbon dioxide, H2O vapor, azotic oxide, methane and ozone are some of the natural gases doing planetary heating. CARBON DIOXIDE Ninety-three per centum of all emanations Generating power by firing C based fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal, decomposition, accounting for about one one-fourth of all planetary emanations. Methane Twenty times more effectual in pin downing heat in our ambiance 25 times every bit powerful as C dioxide Agricultural activities, landfills. NITROUS OXIDE Agricultural dirt direction, carnal manure direction, sewerage intervention, Mobile and stationary burning of fossil fuel, adipic acid production, and azotic acid production. Ozone Automobile fumes and industrial procedures. HYDROFLURO COMPOUNDS ( HFCs ) . Industrial procedures such as foam production, infrigidation, dry cleansing, chemical fabrication, and semiconducting material fabrication. PERFLURONIATEDCOMPOUNDS ( PFCs ) . Smelting of aluminum Health AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: Greenhouse gas emanations could do a 1.8 to 6.3A ° Fahrenheit rise in temperature during the following century, if atmospheric degrees are non reduced. Produce utmost conditions events, such as drouths and inundations. Threaten coastal resources and wetlands by raising sea degree. Increase the hazard of certain diseases by bring forthing new genteelness sites for plagues and pathogens. Agricultural parts and forests are besides susceptible to alterations in clime that could ensue in increased insect populations and works disease. The debasement of natural ecosystems could take to cut down biological diverseness. WHAT GLOBAL Heating EFFECTS ARE EXPECTED FOR THE FUTURE? To foretell the hereafter planetary heating effects, several nursery gas emanation scenarios were developed and fed into computing machine theoretical accounts. They project for the following century that, without specific policy alterations Global average temperature should increase by between 1.4 and 5.8A °C ( 2.5 to 10A °F ) . The Northern Hemisphere screen should diminish further, but the Antarctic ice sheet should increase. The sea degree should lift by between 9 and 88 centimeter ( 3.5 † to 35 † ) . Other alterations should happen, including an addition in some utmost conditions events. After 2100, human induced planetary heating effects are projected to prevail for many centuries. The sea degree should go on lifting for 1000s of old ages after the clime has been stabilized. We have weather up to 40 degree Celsius now. IMPACTS OF RISE IN MAJOR GREEN HOUSE GAS CO2: In air the C dioxide concentration should be about 330 ppm ( parts per million ) .But due to environmental research workers the C dioxide content will increase as follows, 2025i? 405 to 469 ppm 2050i? 445 to 640 ppm 2100i? 540 to 970 ppm We have weather up to 40 degree Celsius now. It is expected that the conditions will increase in Tamil Nadu as follows. In 2025 i? 0.4 to 1.1 grade Celsius In 2050 i? 0.8 to 2.6 grade Celsius In 2100 i? 1.4 to 5.8 grade Celsius Solution WE PROPOSE: We all know that woods are the hoarded wealths of our Earth. But, adult male started to destruct woods and the scientists are giving call to salvage forest. We all know that forests aid to protect the Earth from planetary heating. By cutting trees, non merely that the rainfall will be reduced, besides the temperature will raise tremendously, which causes injury to the whole world. The research is traveling on all the clip to salvage the world from planetary heating. Now, it has been found that automaton trees will assist to undertake the job of planetary heating. In the air, the C dioxide content should be 330 ppm ( portion per million ) . Day by twenty-four hours it is increasing which consequences in planetary heating. You read "The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" WHAT IS ROBOT TREE? ? ? The scientists are seeking to do automaton to execute assorted activities to cut down the physical and mental work of human being. The combination of nature and automatons is called Robotany. The scientists Jill Coffin, John Taylor and Daniel Bauen are researching on automaton tree. The robot tree does non look like our ordinary tree. The constructions of the root, roots and foliages are present in the automaton tree. Does robot corner aid to work out the job of planetary heating? I have read in a magazine late that the experiment done by the research workers at Madurai Kamaraj University on automaton tree is successful. Hats off to them. It is truly happy intelligence. We have studied in history that the male monarchs of olden yearss had planted trees on both sides of the route. In the same manner we hope that all the roads will hold robot trees on both sides in future to forestall planetary heating and salvage the Earth. It is said that one automaton tree is equal to 1000 natural trees. Each automaton tree looks more like a elephantine fly flyswat so as to stay as guards of world Klaus Lackner, a professor of Geophysicss at Columbia University, is working on an interesting construct: A â€Å" man-made trees † .A The thought is to reproduce the procedure of photosynthesis to gaining control and shop monolithic sums of CO2 gas. About 90,000 dozenss of C dioxide a twelvemonth, approximately the sum emitted yearly by 15,000 autos, could be captured by the construction. Paired with a windmill, the carbon-capture tree would bring forth about 3 megawatts of power, Lackner calculates, doing the operation self-sufficient in energy. synthetic_tree The scientists are seeking to do automaton to execute assorted activities to cut down the physical and mental work of human being. The combination of nature and automatons is called Robotany. The scientists Jill Coffin, John Taylor and Daniel Bauen are presently researching on automaton tree. HOW DOES A ROBOT TREE FUNCTION? ? ? Merely conceive of a normal tree. A normal will hold a root, root and foliages. In the same manner, the automaton tree besides has root, root, subdivision and foliage like normal tree. Some plastic poles are fixed in the root portion and in between solar home bases are fixed which act as foliages. In the large poles little holes are made and little poles are fixed. This will absorb C dioxide in the air. In the interior of large poles there will be calcium hydroxide liquid and the captive C dioxide will be dissolved in it. The solar home bases produce current and base on balls current inside the root, which will divide C and O. Oxygen, H and vapor will come out. The C will move with H2O and go carbonaceous acid. The carbonaceous acid will go through down through automatons and will be absorbed by the dirt Once once more. A study of the signifier and building of A Tree for Anable Basin A new â€Å" air extractor † engineering presented by Klaus Lackner, a professor of Geophysicss at Columbia ‘s Earth Institute, offers something no other C gaining control engineering on the pulling board has. Unlike conventional C gaining control and storage ( besides known as geosequestration ) , which absorbs C02 on-site ( i.e. the flush watercourse of emanations from power workss ) , air extractors absorb C dioxide from any location on the planet. This means that CO2 emanations can be captured from about all large-emitting sources-from stationary mills and power workss to autos and planes in gesture. These man-made trees can â€Å" thrive † in any location. man-made trees A computer-generated image of Lackner ‘s â€Å" man-made trees. † Man-made trees do n’t precisely look like your mean tree with green foliages and roots. Although the design is non finalized, Lackner predicts that the device would look more like a station with Venetian blinds strung across it ; a boxlike extractor raised about 1,000 pess tall, adorned with scaffolding lined with liquid Na hydrated oxide ( normally known as lye ) . When exposed, Na hydrated oxide ( lye ) is an absorbent of CO2. So, as air flows through the Venetian blind â€Å" foliages of the tree † , the Na hydrated oxide will adhere the CO2, sifting out cleansing agent, about 70-90 % less CO2 concentrated air on the other side. Lackner estimates that an country of Na hydrated oxide about the size of a big Television screen ( a 20 inch diagonal ) and a metre in deepness could absorb 20 dozenss of CO2 a twelvemonth. Paired with a windmill, a carbon-capture tree could bring forth about 3 megawatts of power. IS IT FEASIBLE? ? ? The chemical procedure of utilizing Ca or Na hydrated oxide to absorb CO2 has been known for old ages but the inquiry of whether it can be done in an low-cost energy efficient mode has non yet been to the full answered. Constructing and raising the aggregator device is merely 20 % of the cost ; the balance of the cost involves prising the CO2 loose from the absorbent and hive awaying it- an energy intensive procedure. The dorsum of the envelope computation of entire cost supposes 3000 to 5000 rupees per ton captured, which is big as compared to the 1000-2000 rupees per ton on cost that advocates of a C revenue enhancement or cap-and-trade strategy believe will stabilise atmospheric emanations of CO2. It may look like excessively immerse a cost to closely see, but Lackner believes â€Å" it ‘s deserving looking at things that start out even five times excessively expensive â€Å" . DEVELOPING CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ( CCS ) : carbon-capture-and-storage1 Despite common concern that CCS, and therefore air gaining control excessively, will deter our society from traveling to clean energy options. Fossil fuels are non running out anytime shortly, and if we were to turn all of them into C dioxide, we ‘ll hold a clime calamity. We may run out of oil and gas ; you can be disbelieving of that. But we wo n’t run out of coal. We either abandon dodo fuels instantly within the following 50 old ages or figure out a manner to make CCS. â€Å" As we head toward 450, 550, even 750ppm this century, environmental leaders are acquiring serious about C gaining control and storage. A 2005 IPCC study concluded that â€Å" C gaining control and storage â€Å" has the possible to cut down overall extenuation costs and increase flexibleness in cut downing nursery gases † . Existing C gaining control engineering can cut down CO2 emanations from coal-burning or natural-gas power workss by 80 to 90 per centum, estimates the IPCC.energy efficiency and some renewables are cheaper now, but if the clime begins to tip out of control, so C gaining control and storage can supply a planet-saving insurance policy. BASIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITH ROBOT TREE: The reaction of Na hydrated oxide with C dioxide ( as carbonaceous acid ) occurs basically in two stairss, foremost a reaction from carbonaceous acid to bicarbonate and so to carbonate. This is a simple acid-base reaction. CO2 is an acerb anhydrite and NaOH is a base. So reaction gives the salt Na2CO3 and H2O another possible merchandise is the salt Na2CO3 that is produced if a 1:2 ratio of CO2 and NaOH is used. A little per centum of wet nowadays in the absorptive stuff, ( about 3 % ) is of import. CO2 reacts with this wet to organize carbonaceous acid, CO2+H 2O- gt ; H2CO3 Which in bend reacts with the hydrated oxide to organize the salt of carbonaceous acid, or Na carbonate? The soaking up of C dioxide is expressed as follows: The merchandises of reaction are sodium carbonate and H2O. H2CO3 + NaOH – gt ; NaHCO3 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH – gt ; Na2CO3 + H2O DECARBITE: DECARBITEA ® is an engrossing merchandise. This merchandise is sodium hydroxide carried on a silica base. The natural affinity of Na hydrated oxide to acid gasses makes it a desirable stuff to utilize in the soaking up of the acid gas C dioxide. The Na hydrated oxide content in DECARBITEA ® is high, about 90 % , and histories for the aggressive merchandise public presentation and exceeding capacity for soaking up of C dioxide. The Na hydrated oxide content in DECARBITEA ® is high, about 90 % , and histories for the aggressive merchandise public presentation and exceeding capacity for soaking up of C dioxide. The universally recognized Carbon Dioxide absorbent, DECARBITEA ® is a consumable chemical absorbent. It is a specially formulated mixture of Sodium Hydroxide on to an inert silicon oxide bearer supplying a surface country particularly suited for the rapid, high public presentation and entire soaking up of CO2 on contact. Efficiency: For the rapid or high public presentation quantative soaking up of CO2 in the ppm scope DECARBITE is colour indicating, altering from light-green brown to white upon C dioxide impregnation. The soaking up of C dioxide remotion or any acerb gas utilizing DECARBITE is a chemical reaction, non a physical one. Carbon dioxide reacts with the Na hydrated oxide based absorbent and undergoes a complete chemical alteration. This alteration is irreversible ; therefore the absorbent can non be regenerated for reuse. This alteration is clearly perceptible and indicates when exhausted stuff is to be discarded. Occasionally, a status known as channeling can happen when the gas flow finds holes or countries of least opposition and a channel is formed. The gas flow follows these channels through the absorbent get the better ofing the intent of scouring out the C dioxide. DECARBITE eliminates this job in several ways ; the silicon oxide binding to the Na hydrated oxide keeps the atoms from adhering in the presence of wet which is formed as a by-product of the soaking up reaction. It besides aids in forestalling the absorbent to blend into a solid mass barricading gas flow and doing back force per unit area across the soaking up bed. The association reaction of NaOH with CO2 is at least 40 times faster than NaOH + HCl at all heights below the Na bed. Na species will non impact stratospheric ClOx and O3 chemical science. The transition of C dioxide to bicarbonate is complete at pH 8.3.Phenolphthalein can be used as a colour index for the titration. Decision: Energy is truly a topographic point where more engineering is perfectly necessary. About one and half a lakh automaton trees are adequate for sublimating C dioxide in the air for one twelvemonth, about. One automaton tree is said to hold the capacity to absorb 90,000 dozenss of C dioxide every twelvemonth. It is the sum of C dioxide released by 15,000 autos in one twelvemonth. But robot trees will non assist to convey rain. It will protect the Earth from planetary heating. Cost: ( app ) 10 pess robot tree-50,00 200 pess robot tree-5 hundred thousand. The cost of the automaton tree may be high, but the cost of non holding outstanding engineering for planetary heating may be even higher. There are n’t that many big scale beginnings of energy could be tapped at the graduated table the universe needs them. Hydro will ne’er be adequate, and neither will weave. Solar, atomic, and dodo could be adequate, but they all have defects. If we do n’t put large stakes on all three, we could happen ourselves with none of them working, and we ‘ll hold energy crisis of unprecedented proportions. We have studied in history that the male monarchs of olden yearss had planted trees on both sides of the route. In the same manner we hope that all the roads will hold robot trees on both sides to forestall planetary heating and salvage the Earth. It is said that one automaton tree is equal to 1000 natural trees. â€Å" Implement automaton trees Prevent planetary heating, And therefore, Salvage the Earth! ! ! † How to cite The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Compare and contrast The Darkness Out There by Penelope Lively and The Red Room by H G Wells Essay Example For Students

Compare and contrast The Darkness Out There by Penelope Lively and The Red Room by H G Wells Essay Story 1 Story 1 is about teenagers in a club who go around helping old people. The club is called the Good Neighbours Club. There is a girl called Sandra. Pat asked her to go to Mrs. Rutters house to help out. Mrs. Rutter lived in Packers End. Packers End is a place where you should not go alone. People say that once a German plane crashed there in the war and the aircrew all died. People imagined wolves, scattered bones, witches and tigers lived in Packers End but when Sandra walked down she saw neat grass and heard robins singing. Sandra finally made it through Packers End and when she got there the person she was to work with scared her. His name was Kerry Stevens. They got to Mrs. Rutters house and they saw sweet old women with a wonky leg. Once they got in, they started doing the work. Mrs. Rutter kept complimenting Sandra and she hardly said anything to Kerry. Then Sandra and Mrs. Rutter started talking about Mrs. Rutters husband. He died in the war, right at the start of it. Then they started talking about the German plane that crashed in Packers End in the war. Mrs. Rutter said that she saw it come down. She said that the plane was all smashed up before she got to see the whole of the plane. Sandra was astonished she said ooh I wouldnt have gone close to It. Said Sandra. She said that she heard the engine and knew it was going to come down. Mrs. Rutter said that they had no telephones so no one could call the police. Then Mrs. Rutter started explaining how her and her sister Dot went to go and look at the plane that crashed. We got our wellies on, and dot had a lantern. And we went off. It was not very . we cheered I can tell you. Dot said goes some more of the bastards. They were just going to go back home when heard a sort of moaning noise. They went back to see what it was but all they saw was two dead people in front of them. Then Mrs. Rutter started to explain that 1 of the two people she thought was dead was not dead but hurt pretty bad. Mrs. Rutter said that she knew that he was not going to last long so her and her sister went back to the cottage leaving him to die. There was silence in the room. Then after the silence she continued the story. She went back the next day to where the plane was, to see if the man was dead or not. But when she got there she saw that he was still alive. I never imagined he would last the night. Said Mrs. Rutter. She said that she could see him better now it was light. First she thought it was an old bloke but it was not he was in his twenties. She said that he had seen her but he was in too much pain to look at her. Then she said to the pilot you had this coming to you mate, theres a war on. She said to Sandra and Kerry that why should I do anything for him I mean nobody done anything for my Bill. Bill was Mrs. Rutters husband. Kerry got so angry and said he was leaving. Then Sandra said that she would go with him. Mrs. Rutter was surprised that they were leaving. Kerry said that he would never go to Mrs. Rutters house again. He found out that Mrs. Rutter could have helped the man instead of leaving him to die a slow and painful death. He found out by that story that the two people were not men they were Mrs. Rutter and her sister Dot and no girl got raped but someone got murdered. Story 2 Story two is about three old people who live in a castle. They think it is haunted but it is not. The three people who live there are the man with the withered arm, the old women and the man with the shade. A man comes to the house and he wants to stay in the house. All of the old people think that the house is haunted but the young man does not believe them. The man said to the old people if I saw this haunted room I will be more comfortable with myself. The old women said tonight out all nights you go to the Red Room alone. The man said fine I will go by myself which way is it. The man with the withered arm gave him directions. He looked at the table as he left the room, to see what the old people are doing after he left. He left the room, lit the candle and walked down a chilly passage. He said to himself that three old pensioners in one big old-fashioned house with old furniture scared him a bit. He thinks that the old people belong to another age, an age of old witches and omens. He went off down the chilly passage where the echoes rang up and down the staircase. He was getting a little scared now because he was all alone in a dark chilly passage. He told himself to get all the scary ideas out of his own head. He was talking to himself. He finally got to the Red Room. He found a person dead there. It was a person who wanted to go to the Red Room as well but did not make it. Ode on Melancholy and ode to autumn EssayHe knows the way to the room quite well. The only thing that the man with the withered arm kept saying was it is of your own choosing. The man with the shade in Story 2 is known as the second old man. He was more bent and wrinkly than the man with the withered arm. The man with the shade supported himself by a single crutch, his eyes were covered by a shade, and his lower lip, half averted, hung pale and pink from his decaying yellow teeth. He sat on the opposite table to everyone else and when he sat down he started to cough. The man with the shade did not realize that the young man was in the room. He is quite a slow man. In Story 1 Mrs. Rutters cottage is placed in Packers End. There were a lot of bad stories that went around Packers End. When all the children were young and they heard about what went on down Packers End they were scared and now they are all grown up they dont believe any of the stories. Mrs. Rutter lived in a small cottage. The house was a bit old because Mrs. Rutter said to Sandra and Kerry just give it a push. It sticks see. That means that the house is so old that the doors have begun to stick. In Story 2 the Red Room is set in a haunted castle. Everyone that lives in the haunted house thinks it is haunted. The only story that is true about this room is that the duke died in the room after falling down the stairs that lead up to the Red Room. People think it was a ghost who pushed him but no body really knows what happened. Some of the language used in Story 1 is modern colloquial language. Like the word chocky the author use these words to give atmosphere to the old women. Story 1 opens with a description of the outside. The author has written in non Standard English. The language used in Story 2 is very descriptive. It gives you large detail of each character. The language used in this story is archaic language. It is written in pre 20th century language. Story 2 opens with a conversation. It immediately gets to the point. Using archaic language in the story the author I think has made it sound interesting and using the language it does. In Story 2 when someone asks a question the reply is always short. In the whole of Story 2 the author has not used modern English in it once. During the middle of the story the language is slowed down to make it sound more dramatic. Story 1 and Story 2 are both different from each other. Story 1 is about, an old woman called Mrs. Rutter who once saw a German plane crash down in Packers End. She could have helped one of the German aircrew survive but did not. She left him there to die because her husband got killed in the war and no body helped him survive so she didnt help the man. Story 2 is about a man who wants to go up to a room that is called Red Room but no one in the house which the Red Room is situated in wants to go up there with him because they think it is haunted. They tell him the way and he goes up there by himself. When he is in front of the Red Room he gets a bit scared because of what the old people said and at the end he does not get to the Red Room in the end because he bangs his head trying to get out of the room. He wakes up in the morning in the living room with three old people looking at him. He tells all of them that it is true that the room is haunted but they tell him that the room is not haunted but it was all in the mind. The two stories are a little bit similar because in both stories darkness is mentioned and people are scared of it. The darkness in Story 1 is Packers End. Everybody is scared to go down it at night because of all the stories they heard about it and the darkness in Story 2 is the Red Room. People think it is haunted and start to imagine that ghosts exist and all sorts of things are happening but really it is happening in the mind. The fear of darkness will never go away as long as people still keep the fear in their hearts. When it is in the heart at night it automatically goes into your mind and you start to get scared of nothing really. The story I enjoyed most was Story 2 because it was more realistic than Story 1 because Story 2 kept you in more suspicion than Story 1. It gave you more description of the characters and I understood it more. When I read Story 1 I did not realize that Mrs. Rutter left the German man to die. When I read Story 2 once I understood it straight away that people are only scared about things they hear about because darkness is involved and that there were no ghosts really it was in the head and that it was a not a ghost who was blowing the candles out, it was the cold breeze coming from the door. Story 1 is a good Story 2 but I think that Story 2 is better.