Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Pricing Kernels Defined in Relation to Asset Pricing

Pricing Kernels Defined in Relation to Asset Pricing The asset pricing kernel,  also known as the stochastic discount factor (SDF), is the random  variable that satisfies the function used in computing the price of an asset. Pricing Kernel and Asset Pricing   The pricing kernel, or stochastic discount factor, is an important concept in mathematical finance and financial economics. The term  kernel  is a common mathematical term used to represent an operator, whereas the term stochastic discount factor  has roots in financial economics and extends the concept of the kernel to include adjustments for risk. The fundamental theorem of asset pricing in finance suggests that the price of any asset is its discounted expected value of future payoff specifically under risk-neutral measure or valuation. Risk-neutral  valuation can only exist  if the market is free of arbitrage opportunities, or opportunities to exploit price differences between two markets and profit from the difference. This relationship between an assets price and its expected payoff is considered the underlying  concept behind all asset pricing. This expected payoff is discounted by a unique factor that depends upon the framework set forth by the market.  In theory, risk-neutral valuation (in which there is an absence of arbitrage opportunities in the market) implies the existence of some positive random variable or the stochastic discount factor. In risk-neutral  measure, this positive stochastic discount factor would theoretically be used to discount the payoff of any asset. Additionally, the existence of such a pricing kernel or stochastic discount factor is equivalent to the law of one price, which presumes that an asset must sell for the same price in all locales or, in other words, an asset will have the same price when exchange rates are taken into consideration. Real-Life Applications Pricing kernels have numerous uses in mathematical finance and economics. For instance, pricing kernels can be used to produce contingent claim prices. If we were to know the current prices of a set of securities in addition to the future payoffs of those securities, then a positive pricing kernel or stochastic discount factor would provide an efficient means of producing  contingent claim prices assuming an arbitrage-free market. This valuation technique is particularly helpful in an incomplete market, or a market in which total supply is not sufficient to meet the demand. Stochastic Discount Factors Apart from asset pricing, another use of the stochastic discount factor is in the evaluation of the performance of hedge funds managers. In this application, however, the stochastic discount factor would not strictly be considered the equivalent to a pricing kernel.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

How Static Fields in Java Work

How Static Fields in Java Work There can be times when its useful to have values that are shared across all instances of a particular class. Static fields and static constants enable this type of sharing by belonging to the class and not to the actual objects. The Static Modifier Normally fields and methods defined in a class can be used only when an object of that class type has been created. For example, consider a simple Item class that keeps track of goods in a store: public class Item {   Ã‚  private String itemName;   Ã‚  public Item(String itemName)   Ã‚  {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this.itemName itemName;   Ã‚  }   Ã‚  public String getItemName()   Ã‚  {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  return itemName;   Ã‚  } } To be able to use the getItemName() method, we must first create an Item object, in this case, catFood: public class StaticExample {   Ã‚  public static void main(String[] args) {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Item catFood new Item(Whiskas);   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  System.out.println(catFood.getItemName());   Ã‚  } } However, if the static modifier is included in a field or method declaration, no instance of the class is required in order to use the field or method - they are  associated with the class and not an individual object. If you look back at the above example, you will see that the static modifier is already being used in the main method declaration: public static void main(String[] args) { The main method is a static method that does not require an object to exist before it can be called. As main() is the starting point for any Java application, there are in fact no objects already in existence to call it. You could, if you felt like having a program that continually calls itself, do this: public class StaticExample {   Ã‚  public static void main(String[] args) {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  String[] s {random,string};   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  StaticExample.main(s);   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  } } Not very useful, but notice how the main() method can be called without an instance of a StaticExample class. What Is a Static Field? Static fields are also known as class fields. They are simply fields that have the static modifier in their declarations. For example, lets go back to the Item class and add a static field: public class Item {   Ã‚  //static field uniqueId   Ã‚  private static int uniqueId 1;   Ã‚  private int itemId;   Ã‚  private String itemName;   Ã‚  public Item(String itemName)   Ã‚  {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this.itemName itemName;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  itemId uniqueId;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  uniqueId;   Ã‚  } } The fields itemId and itemName are normal non-static fields. When an instance of an Item class is created, these fields will have values that are held inside that object. If another Item object is created, it too will have itemId and itemName fields for storing values. The uniqueId static field, however, holds a value that will be the same across all Item objects. If there are 100 Item objects, there will be 100 instances of the itemId and itemName fields, but only one uniqueId static field. In the above example, uniqueId is used to give each Item object a unique number. This is easy to do if every Item object that is created takes the current value in the uniqueId static field and then increments it by one. The use of a static field means that each object does not need to know about the other objects to get a unique id. This could be useful if you wanted to know the order in which the Item objects were created. What Is a Static Constant? Static constants are exactly like static fields except that their values cannot be changed. In the field declaration, the final and static modifiers are both used. For example, perhaps the Item class should impose a restriction on the length of the itemName. We could create a static constant maxItemNameLength: public class Item {   Ã‚  private static int id 1;   Ã‚  public static final int maxItemNameLength 20;   Ã‚  private int itemId;   Ã‚  private String itemName;   Ã‚  public Item(String itemName)   Ã‚  {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if (itemName.length() maxItemNameLength)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this.itemName itemName.substring(0,20);   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this.itemName itemName;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  itemId id;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  id;   Ã‚  } } As with static fields, static constants are associated with the class rather than an individual object: public class StaticExample {   Ã‚  public static void main(String[] args) {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Item catFood new Item(Whiskas);   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  System.out.println(catFood.getItemName());   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  System.out.println(Item.maxItemNameLength);   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  } } There are two important things to notice about the maxItemNameLength static constant: It is declared as a public field. Generally its a bad idea to make a field public in any class you design but in this case, it doesnt matter. The value of the constant cannot be changed.The static constant is used from the class name Item, not an Item object. Static constants can be seen throughout the Java API. For example, the integer wrapper class has two that store the maximum and minimum values an int data type can have: System.out.println(The max value for int is: Integer.MAX_VALUE); System.out.println(The min value for int is: Integer.MIN_VALUE); Output: The max value for int is: 2147483647 The min value for int is: -2147483648

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Gambling Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gambling Industry - Essay Example ingapore Government in order to introduce the casinos officially in the international market was in 2005 by providing licenses to two of the casinos in Singapore. There were many controversies and remarks that went against the policy but today after taking proper legal actions and control the government have recorded to generate large incomes in terms of tax revenues from the gamblers. Another reason why gambling is so important for the economy is that it attracts customers from all around the world. Therefore, it enhances the growth of tourism sector, which is another major contributor to the Singapore Economy. This paper in this regard is focused on the challenges of the international market and the competencies of the gambling industry in Singapore. Conclusively the paper shall also direct to evaluate the limitations and drawbacks that can prove to be affective for the growth of the industry and try to suggest the economy to eradicate those factors. On this behalf, the paper shall also consider the Porter’s Diamond Model to analyze the competitive edge of the gambling industry of Singapore. Geographically emphasizing, Singapore is a country originated by the amalgamation of 63 islands in total and is termed to be the smallest country situated in the south eastern hemisphere of Asia. According to the economists’ view, Singapore is a developing economy, mixed by its nature, with a minimum interference from the part of the Government in its trading market. Mentionable, the economy ranked to be second among the economies possessing the best potential for international investment with the outlook to be most welcoming and liberal for the international trading business. Undoubtedly, despite the fact that the economy is geographically small, it is economically powerful as any other developing economy to attract the international trade (Economy Watch, 2010). The economy, in a wider perspective rather than international investments, is depended on the agricultural

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Roles of Mycorrhizae Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Roles of Mycorrhizae - Research Paper Example The roots provide the microorganisms a stable access to nutrition. In return, the roots benefit from the high water and mineral absorptive capacity of mycelia resulting from its relatively small size and subsequent better ability to penetrate soil. As a result, mycorrhizal plants are more resistant to lack of water. They are more capable of colonizing barren land or unfamiliar territory than plants without mycorrhizae do. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi process demineralized phosphates such that the minerals will be available for plant use. However, as is the case in all biological interactions, not all mycorrhizae are mutualistic. In cases in which nutrients are abundant in the plant’s environment, association with microorganisms, as is what happens during mycorrhizal formation, may be more parasitic than beneficial (Bucher, 2007). However, current agricultural practices prevent the formation of these mycorrhizae. The pesticides being used have a non-discriminating adverse eff ect on the microorganisms living in the plants’ ecosystem. ... Its functions, particularly in providing nutrients and protecting the plants against salt stress and drought, are then enumerated. Its relationships with various members of its ecosystem are then discussed. Finally, the importance of these knowledge in terms of what aspects should be focused on will be suggested. DEVELOPMENT Endomycorrhizae development Figure 1 illustrates the development of endomycorrhizae. The fungal species associated with endomycorrhizae reproduce asexually. They undergo an asymbiotic phase in which spores germinate and hyphal growth are limited without the nutrients supplied by the host plant. Soon after, hyphal growth begins. This presymbiotic phase is induced by the presence of plant root exudates, which fungal hyphae penetrate to (Bucher, 2007). At the root surface, the fungal hypha develops a set of penetrating cells and is now called a hyphopodium. This now enters the root epidermis, continuing to grow into the outer, and then the inner root cortex. It then spreads intercellular along the longitudinal axis of the root. This structure of the fungus is the one called an arbuscule (Gutjahr et al., 2008). The peak of fungal development is characterized by the development of an extraradical mycelium that is able to produce and exude spores for colonization of other plants (Bucher, 2007; Frey-Klett et al., 2007). However, the development of arbuscular mycorrhizae is not synchronous, in that various colonization stages are present in one plant (Gutjahr et al., 2008). Figure 1, previous page. Development of Endomycorrhizal Development. From Bucher, Marcel, 2007. Tansley review: Functional biology of plant phosphate uptake at root and mycorrhiza

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Accounting for Business Combination and Ethics Assessment Essay Example for Free

Accounting for Business Combination and Ethics Assessment Essay Early 2011, Yung Limited acquired 75% interest in Chum Limited. This is the first time of Yung Limited preparing the consolidated statement. A few issues regarding to the first consolidated financial statement have been raised up. This report is used to solve the raised issues and explain general principle of consolidation accounting. Before the acquisition, Yung and Chum was a competitor to each other. Their financial statement only reflects their own financial position. Thus, the balance and transaction would state in the financial statement. The reason is that they are viewed as two entities from different aspect. However, after the acquisition, Yung and Chum became a single combined entity as Yung held 75% interest in Chum. It means Yung can direct business decision of Chum according to its preference. This view would be reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Since the consolidated financial statements view Yung and Chum as a single combined entity, the balance due to each other would be eliminated as a result. As Yung and Chum are the single entity, the amount due to Yung is set off by the amount due from Chum. One entity cannot lead money to itself in order to create a liability or asset. See more:Â  Capital budgeting essay As Yung and Chum are a single entity, transactions with each other are just a transfer of assets or liabilities, or a relocation of assets, this would not recognise as a transaction in the consolidated financial statements. Generally, profit margin is added to those transactions. These profit margins would raise book value of assets in the transactions. The common example is inventory and non-current assets. Those profit margins can only be realised in the sales or disposal to external parties. Thus, the consolidated financial statements would eliminate those unrealised profit also. According to the above statement, Yung gets the power of control in the Chum. It means every transaction can be related to Yung and its decision. The relationship between Yung and Chum would be a parent-subsidiary, and not just similar to other associate as investor-investee. Therefore, it is required to show consolidated financial statement of Yung and Chum. The distinction between consolidation and equity basis of accounting is power of control. Generally, if an entity holds more than 50% interest of another entity, the entity is required to consolidate the controlled entity. However, if an entity holds about 20% to 50% interest of another entity, the entity is required to practising the equity basis of accounting. Comparing with the two methods, consolidation basis of accounting would reflect a smaller net income if there are a large amount of inter-company transactions. Equity basis of accounting only show the share of profit in associate as an extra item in the income statement of investor (parent in consolidation). Thus, it would be a greater net income unless there is a net loss in the associate. In conclusion, different methods change the net income. The financial statements for equity basis of accounting are only included the investment in associates as non-current assets, and recorded as cost plus fair value adjustments in the net shares of equity. The consolidated financial statements are the combination of the parent and subsidiaries, and goodwill, excluding inter-company balance and cost of control. Thus, Yung’s financial statements would be greater value in statement of financial position if all investments were consolidated, but smaller value in income statement as there are large amount inter-company transactions between Yung and Chum. Equity basis of accounting could provide a greater asset value to Yung, but a smaller net income to Yung also. Dear Mr. Li, Memo regarding the revenue cut-off problem of Yung Limited According to the recent conference with John Au, President of Yung Limited, he reported that the sales of Yung Limited in 2010 incorrectly included sales in 2011. However, we did not discover this material error by our audit work. This material error overstated the profit of Yung in 2010 by 10%, but understated the profit of Yung in 2011 by the same rate. John Au also mentioned that he prefers to ignore this error because he can get benefit from this error as the understated profit. Ignoring revenue cut-off problem leads to conflicts in ethical and professional. This conflicts with fundamental ethical principles, such as integrity, objectivity and professional behavior. In the integrity aspect, we should not disclose any untrue financial statements. In the objectivity aspect, our professional judgments should not be influenced by reputation of our audit firm and any potential legal sue. In the professional behavior, we should comply with relevant laws and regulations relating to this revenue cut-off problem. The following are some of my recommendation on this revenue cut-off problem. The first recommendation would be reporting to the board of directors directly. This material error should be report the board of directors of Yung Limited. This report could give directors’ chance to decide the treatment of this material error. They could estimate effect of this material error. The second recommendation would be following John Au’s suggestion, ignoring this material error. This could be a way to accommodate our client. The third recommendation would be requiring John Au to correct this material error. This could reflect the true financial position of Yung Limited. The fourth recommendation would be convening an extra-ordinary general meeting with all shareholders of Yung Limited. This EGM could give shareholders opportunity to aware this material error, and understand the potential. Finally, I would recommend asking John Au to correct this material error. Although this correction would make him loss of a bonus, this is a fair treatment to all stakeholders at all. Also, this solution could reflect the professional position of our company.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Alternative Solutions Computer System :: Computer Science

Alternative Solutions Computer System Using a computer system would solve a lot of problems. When a customer wants to join the shop bonus club, their information could be added to a special file. All the information would be stored in a database using a program such as "access" in three tables, stock table, customer table, and employee table. This data would be linked Using a HCI like Visual Basic, someone in the company could create an easy way for customers to add their details, amend current details or delete their details if they wanted to stop being a member. The staff would use this same idea but the Vb program would be linked to the employee table instead of the customer, and the same with the stock. Manual Solution You could install a filling cabinet with dividers in, separating data into alphabetical order. If users wanted to add, delete or amend their details they would have to use a pen and paper to do it. Advantages for computerized solution: 1. It would be quick and easy to recall information by using a user friendly interface. 2. It would save room, as you wouldn't have to have a large filling cabinet in the room. 3. With different features such as clipart, if you ever need to create documents such as flyers or posters, you can add computer graphics. 4. A lot of information can be stored on the hard drive. 5. If a mistake is made it can be easily corrected. 6. Updates to information would be instant. 7. It is quick so staff wont waste time, meaning the business saves money. 8. With the link to the tills the database will constantly be updated. Disadvantages for computerized solution: 1. It would be expensive to install. 2. It would be expensive to train staff how to use different programs. Advantages for Manual solution 1. It would be cheap to install. 2. Staff would not have to be trained to use the system. 3. New documents would be easy to place in the cabinet as it is kept in alphabetical order. Disadvantages for Manual Solution 1. The filing cabinet that would store all the information would take up a lot of office space. 2. If there were a fire, flood or robbery all documents would be lost as there are no backups. 3. To keep the system neat and in order whoever was viewing the documents or adding a document would have to be very careful that they

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Impacts of Immigrants in Belize

Immigrants are generally understood to be persons who leave their country to settle in another counter usually for permanent residence. These people are sometimes referred to as aliens; these are persons who do not owe allegiance to their country. Allegiance is a form of fidelity said to be shown by the part of a citizen to his/her state. In contrast if the immigrant does not owe allegiance to his/her country and that person violate rules, laws, policies or customs of a foreign country then this person is known as an illegal alien. The role of immigrants has for a long time created significant interest among policy makers. Issues concerning the amount of immigrants allowed to enter a country have risen. The mostly known nation of immigration is the U. S. but as Belizeans leave in search for â€Å"a decent living† in the U. S. , many other Central American immigrants enter Belize. Many people migrate for many reasons for example to join family members who have migrated in past years, to search for economic opportunities, to escape maltreatment or sometimes for the simple reason that they want a fresh start. Immigrants/immigration, have been a controversy within Belizean societies over the past years where economic growth created by some of these immigrant populations, is linked to the growing aspect of crime, invasion as opposed to population stabilization and Native employment to self employment. Do immigrants take away the jobs of Belizeans? Many times when natives are asked for reasons for their unemployment, they respond by saying that people that are entering the country have been taking their jobs. This view of immigrants has increased because of the success in the economic sector. When immigrants enter the country, they come entrepreneurially meaning the lack the experience to be employed. This means that the do not possess the expertise to own a business to employ people. Therefore they self employ themselves. Producing small amounts of goods for their daily survival. Belize is known to be a third world country, therefore; this small country is growing economically. Belize is a small country with a small population; therefore we are impacted in some way or the other with immigrants. The term immigrants mean foreigners coming from outside countries to reside in our society. We really do not know who they are and what their intentions are to live in Belize. That is why it is important to learn why they decide to live in our country other than theirs. Such in the case of the Mennonites for example, where they aid Belize in the agriculture field; they produce many or most of Belize’s vegetables. Over the past years they have extended their efforts to export goods to foreign countries and with agreement with the government, some of the income generated stay for the government of Belize. Therefore these Mennonites have become an integral part of our society. If the Mennonites were not around, where would all the chickens come from that are consumed today and the agricultural goods such as corn, vegetables, eggs, compost, etc. They have taken and wisely created a link between their farming and sustainably using their land. Their expertise is second to none here in Belize, so we are very thankful for them. According to Roessingh â€Å"the Mennonites have made a very positive contribution to Belize, mainly in the agricultural field and are responsible for a large portion of the products available in Belize. They have what is called a Calvinistic work ethic which says that hard work and frugality is the key to success and leading a good life† (110). Furthermore another group of peole that are vital to societies throughout Belize is the Asian community. These people have successfully opened grocery stores, supermarkets and restaurants in every urban area of Belize, and even in some rural ones. Their propensity for obtaining goods at lower prices means that a lot of items that are considered necessities are affordable. On top of that their conveniently located stores make them essential for the many little small purchases that are conducted daily. Their fast-food restaurants are essential to many Belizean in the way that many people have to get to work early in the morning so these restaurants is the easiest and most common way to access daily meals. Some of the more affordable fast-foods today provided by the Chinese is their fried-chicken and chow-mien and burgers to name a few. For a relatively small sum, one can purchase a full meal that can feed the entire family. Many perceptions of these immigrants have been coming to light over the past years. Perceptions such like people saying that these Asians for example, are making the most money. Some xenophobic individuals or groups in Belize constantly rail against, or in some cases, commit violence against these ethnic groups, particularly those who are dominant in the economic sectors, or those who seem to be taking all the positions of gainful employment; point in case, the recent murders of two female Chinese merchants (Channel 5 Belize). This caused these communities to close their shops for a whole day in respect for their lost one. What did this lead to? In Belmopan for example, most of the supermarkets and stores belong to Asian communities and there was a difficulty in getting goods purchasing merchandise. What would happen if these people close down their stores? So these Belizeans commit crime against these people without knowing the fact that we cannot survive without these populations of immigrants. According to Belize Report volume 5, number 1. Feb. 1999, each immigrant must have a work permit for them to get a job. Why? It is because in the past when they came into Belize they were able to get a job in almost any filed of work. Also, it has created poverty. It is common sense that without a job there is no source of income maintained in a household. This causes a stress on the man in the house because he will not know how to bring food to his families. On the other hand, others who have a job may not have the sufficient income to pay off debts. Immigrants are also satisfied with low income employment. They really do not care about what type of jobs they have or how much they are paid. Once they have a job, they feel good. Does this affect Belizeans on a whole? Many may say that they are taking the jobs of Belizeans but I the income generated by a job is low, why pay a high rates. Many Belizeans are uneducated unaware and uninformed and they will always want to receive more in anything they do. This phenomenon has been going on for years and because of their selfishness they always think that immigrants are taking their jobs . (â€Å"Jobs† Immigration Policy Issues May 2010. March 2011. ). Searching for jobs is one of the aspects of immigration but is there always benefit with people coming in our country? It has been proven that some immigrants bring along some form of crime. From where do you think most gangs originated in the country of Belize? There are gangs under the name of ‘Bloods’, Crips, ‘Mara Salvatrucha’, and so forth. All these gangs have been heard of in our daily news cast. This type of immigration does affect in a way that harms our Belizean people. A perfect example is â€Å"Ontario Village at mile 55 on the Western Highway has been known in the recent past for outbreaks in gang activity. One of those incidents caused Justin Jones to relocate in order to avoid further trouble with fellow village youths† (â€Å"Two Murders Before The New Year† The Belize Times 9 Jan. 2011: Print. ). Our young people are now joining these gangs and participate in more serious acts. How will our country prosper if our young people continue behaving this way? This is not good at all. We need to do something for this to change. Crime has also decreased tourism; many tourists who come for vacations are murdered in our country (â€Å"Crime† Travel Report Belize 24 Feb. 2011. 28 Mar. 2011. < http://www. voyage. gc. ca/countries_pays/report_rapport-eng. asp? id=29000>). We for example would be afraid to be walking in the streets and know that we can be robbed or killed by such criminals. Many of these immigrants are involved in crimes such as machete fights, robberies, to name a few and these are increasing as days go by. Many Belizeans that have been a suspect to these persons have received serious injuries such as gunshot wounds and stab wounds. Today the main immigrants who are involved in crimes, include these Guatemalans that enter our country to extract goods from Belize’s forest. Armed robberies at archaeological sites, protected areas and frequented areas by visitors have been of concern over several years now. According to the Travel State. Gov, On February10, 2009, four American and two Canadian tourists accompanied by two Belizean tour guides were the victims of a robbery outside Rio Frio Cave in the Mountain Pine Ridge area. On September 15, 2009, two tourists at the Blue Hole National Park were robbed by two men wearing masks and carrying knives. In 1987, businesses that hired immigrant workers were penalized because it was discovered that majority of the immigrants were involved in a lot of crime. During that time, most of the crime was focused on the northern part of Belize (â€Å"Belize Crime† 4Nov. 2010. The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Fact book 28 Mar. 2011. ). These crime incidents that occur against people mostly occur with illegals. They are still referred to as immigrants but they are now illegal aliens. These are the ones that cause the perception that all immigrants a detrimental to our country. Belizeans views it only in one way without thinking the benefit they get. This causes some conflict where they now feel like immigrant are invading the country. This now leads to Belizeans leaving the country. Does it negatively or positively affect the country? As people migrate into Belize, people move out. We in turn become immigrants in other countries. This has shown that in some form, as Belizeans go out of the country, people migrate in this stabilizes the population of the country. Population growth is an underlying cause that affects every single country around the world. According to the Expat World book, Belize is under populated. This means that if there were not people who migrated day by day, there would be a dramatic rate of under population according to the holding capacity of the country. So immigration has helped stabilize the trend and a steady increase other than a dramatic increase of population has occurred. After investigating the risks of emigrating and safety of migrating, it is concluded that it doesn’t matter at which side of the door Belizeans are, the dangers are unavoidable. Whether people choose to support in giving immigrants space and encouraging them to becoming active parts in Belizean society or if they think that immigrants must be eliminated from the country, the negative impacts will be the same. It is a phenomenon that will be in place for ever and cannot be stopped. It is not we support in opening borders in any country, it is just that no matter what the circumstances is immigration will occur and there is nothing to do to stop it. No matter how bias Belizeans are. However, in the same aspect that Belizeans migrate to other countries and others come in to Belize these people deserve to live without fear, raise their children in a safe environment and be accepted as citizen; the same way we Belizeans want to be treated abroad. The question that is asked is, â€Å"do these immigrants harm Belizean societies? † in turn deserves to be answered. On one point of view, immigrants do pose some kind of threat in some societies. For example threats to security and place the future at risk. But, this can happen if we natives permit it. On the other hand, immigrants fill job spaces that many in Belize don’t want to take. In turn they work for lesser income than other Belizeans, later on adopt and adapt themselves to customs of Belize. Yes it is believed that immigrants cause harm to Belize in some ways, but the question to be asked instead of the previously mentioned is, do the negative impacts outweigh the positive impacts that immigrant’s presence bring to Belize? With supporting evidence mention in previous sections, it is concluded that yes immigrants cause some harm in some sectors but they bring better than harm.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Economy of the United States Essay

The time is considerably improved for the distinctive American citizen of 2007 than for a citizen of the 1800s. An array of economic policies known as import substitution is frequently quoted as the central reason of Latin America’s crises in the 1980s. The stratagem had outsized harmful upshots on economic growth in the 1980s reacting to the 1970s and 1980s progress. However, in the mid 1990s, import substitution policies had slight hit in renovating Latin American countries into sellers of feigned products. In fact, the condition was even worse in 1980s, as anxieties about non-payment raised; mean yearly price rises climbed radically from 1980 to 1985. And the economic deformations linked with hikes in inflation are stern. From last 1990s, numerous efforts have been carried out to alleviate the dilemma related to Latin America’s huge outside debt. A few restructurings in the 1990s had no brunt or were untied almost immediately as they were brought in. Just the once recent economic development and dependable growth in input & output, and output per person commences, it is liable to persist on a usual source and progress public’s being. It is constant with the world’s practice in the 80s and 90s era. For now, in the United States, the introduction of Information technology generated an innovative market that created the hardware and generated the software required to suit the ignition claim for these appliances that had grown to be reasonable to about everybody. That market substituted the previous; a belief of capitalist theory called creative destruction which envisaged that outcome, truly emerged to be operational, even as the economy appeared to be strong. Obstinately, United States government tax policy also offers inducements for U. S. multinational firms to set up abroad. In current tax laws, firms are allocated without letting up to suspend disbursing business revenue taxes on incomes made offshore. The suspension is fine in anticipation of these firms send back the incomes to the home, upon which occasion they are taxed at the typical business income tax charge. However the U. S. business income-tax charge is one of the biggest in the planet, there is an extremely well-built inducement for firms to reinvest those profits outside of the United States. As a result, United States Government; the Congress agreed to provide tax relief per annum, in order that firms could send back incomes back to the home at a lesser tax charge. Firms made it in having this 2004 tax break by saying that it would facilitate them to employ those incomes to invest in the home and make employments for US citizens. Certainly, it’s almost unfeasible to establish they performed the deed or not. The initial phases of globalization and outsourcing charge millions of U. S. manufacturing employments but different specialists declared us that this was nil to agonize about since they were blue-collar Rust Belt employments. United States of America was converting itself into an overhaul economy, and facilitated all along by the Information technology. Internet tune-ups, cutting-edge research and growth made the transparent, high-paying employments that kept U. S. ahead in the current era. However, supporters of globalization disagree that outsourcing millions of mechanically transportable service jobs will decrease rates and increase productivity in the U. S. Except the assets of globalization don’t seem so gentle from the perspective of an American computer analyst or auditor. They have performed what they were expected for but their effort was obstinately spoilt when the home employers hired overseas staff working so cheap. When lucrative manufacturing and service jobs shift abroad, relocated American employees are frequently obliged to accept low pay jobs and upward mobility. Paradoxically, at the instance millions of jobs are being outsourced and millions of unlawful migrants are overflowing into the U. S. , to get away form their domestic scarcity and joblessness; hence purely spoiling U. S. internal economy. Ironically, the good news is that, while United States governed Congress helped out to generate this chaos with poor economic and foreign policies, she can assist to overcome it. Still, U. S. is the best-positioned to make sustainable advantage of the growing world economy in the global marketplace. Modern economic trends, together with a huge trade shortage, on its last legs of norm revenues, comparatively weak job growth, have been to state the slightest rather intimidating. However there is one thing encouraging, the strong growth of productivity in the U. S. Commencing in the mid-1990s, productivity has recovered after 20 years of comparatively meager presentation. Regrettably, economists have hardly any solutions for progressive economic growth, as conservative neo-traditional growth forms pay no heed to technological modernization. On the contrary, a â€Å"neo-Schumpetarian† examination proposes that the revitalization and immobility of productivity are tied to the materialization and succeeding collapse of new techno-economic manufacture procedures. While an old economy attains its perimeters from the perspective of innovation and the dispersal of the technology structure, it grows to be ever more intricate to spin out productivity growth. Just after an innovative technology system suits reasonably priced as much as necessary and invasive adequate is it capable to rejuvenate the engine of productivity patterns. This examination recommends that though the modern information technology based technology system is probable to prolong to impel strong productivity growth for at any rate the coming 20 years, an innovation-exhaustion hold up may be very soon above the prospect. In fact, IT is really improving productivity, however merely in peculiar segments. Since the 1990s, productivity grew 1. 1% per year in segments spending greatly in computers and about 0. 35% in segments spending less. During 1990 and 2003, productivity growth in IT-exhaustive production averaged 3. 03% per annum, in contrast to just 0. 2% per annum in less-IT-exhaustive industry. In effect, the increase in mechanical automation was the really enormous growth of the economy of the era. Since many economists declare that globalization and technology have merged to generate up-to-the-minute tenets for the U. S. economy. However this economist considers old economics still offers the unsurpassed elucidation for current happenings. However, the new-economy model is not only a design that is obviously cleared by a particular economist and an extensive choice of thoughts descends below the new-economy streamer. Relatively than reviewing the concepts of a range of new-economy researchers, the subsequent argument assembles the thoughts into three extensive reports of the new economy; a long-run-growth, a sources-of-growth version, and a business-cycle version, which reveal the combined concept of several economists. Even as these reports disagree in particular calculations and inferences; butt all contribute to a widespread center that constructs them ingredient of the new-economy structure. In the past few years, the U. S. conomy has gained from a pointed deterioration in oil and commodity costs, a well-built American dollar, a tendency on the way to handled concern and reserved health-care prices, an impartial budget, and a fall in military expenses. Each one of these transient causes may have assisted the economy and guided to the unforeseen blend of falling inflation and unemployment rates. While distinguishing between temporary factors and structural changes, it is a hard chore that entails cautious empirical analysis and, additionally significant is a lengthier instant sequence of information. Simply by scrutinizing unemployment and inflation under a broad variety of economic circumstances for several years will it be achievable to wrap up if a structural change has in fact risen? Fast track and fiscal policy for the International Monetary Fund are merely fractions of a better scheme the United States Government must create to facilitate its citizens retain their leadership in what is, incontrovertibly, an accurately global economy. Moreover, the Federal Reserve should reduce interest rates, at this time sprinting at approximately four times the rate of inflation, with no less than one-half of 1%. Moreover, Conformist economics observes economic growth as a consequence of input accumulation and technological growth in a world of nearly invariable come backs to level. At the same time, there is a little argument about how to determine inputs and how to describe technological growth, there is an agreement that a great deal of economic growth engages trade-offs, such as increasing capital means investment, forgone consumption and savings, though increasing labor input needs education expenses and relinquished freedom. Whichever unsolved growth is branded the input of total factor productivity (TFP), also called the famous Solow residual, which reveals technical progress, improved efficiency, spillovers, scale economies, demand side policy, pull inflation and so on. Countless economic studies of foreign direct investment center on the features of the companies in creating its resolution to spend overseas. While the rest employ features of host nations as independent variables, that U. S. oreign direct investment runs to Europe contain such independent variables as growth of market size and size in host countries, levels of protectionism in host countries, and capital control programs of the U. S. Government. The causes for the disparity in corresponding the employment and productivity growth amid the two regions may be vibrant, except mostly dialogue they go down into three types. At the outset, the expansion of the pay, the rental ratio is a typical macroeconomic elucidation for modifications in labour and capital intensity influencing the employment growth productivity. During the 2000-s, pay control and active labour market policies elevated labour force membership statistics in Europe however, simultaneously decreased the growth of labour charge comparative to the capital cost. The quicker employment growth but lower growths of labour productivity are probable consequences of these policies of the U. S. Government. Seeing the initiation of the global economy and amplified tax competition, businesses and other shareholders employ geographically fungible capital to reduce their tax charges by shifting their assets to lower tax regions. Hence the capacity for capital flight compels limitations on the point of taxation that in order compels fiscal discipline on the U. S. Government. However the normative economic research have demonstrated that the optimal tax rate on capital is zero, while the optimal tax rate on labor is positive, proposing that the expressive decline of taxes on capital, during tax competition, would offer wide-reaching advantages in the global market. In addition, in a more competent market, investment will be owed more effectively, escorting to worldwide welfare profits in the all-embracing race. The interconnected concepts comprise nonlinear growth once a critical mass is attained, worthy rounds of positive feedback in manufacturing and communal firms for example Silicon Valley, and declining costs and amplified excellence by means of technology and scale economies. These concepts are not new-fangled to conservative US economics; however the new economy offers them far better magnitude and looks them as the dynamic energy of growth economy-wide (Fretz, 4-15). The recent facts propose that it is yet excessively untimely to let know if a new economy has actually materialized. The new economy is resolutely constructed on the supposition of structural changes in the economy; however there is just not sufficient information yet to differentiate elemental transformations from unconventional accounts, for example transitory shocks can escort to the identical upshots. By building up these concepts at this instant, economists and policymakers would be capable to come to a decision if there truly is a new economy in the United States

Thursday, November 7, 2019

How to Write a Composition Essay Easy Steps

How to Write a Composition Essay Easy Steps To start with, writing a composition is an essential part of the learning process for students. If treating writing a composition as a set of separate steps, the entire process will become much easier and exciting. While writing this type of assignment, students learn to brainstorm different ideas, organize them in the rough draft, and critically evaluate the arguments. A composition is usually an essay with a well-developed and organized introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In a composition, you should argue a specific point of view, provide supporting details, and draw an appropriate conclusion. There are different types of compositions that can be assigned by professors in a wide range of disciplines, including a descriptive, narrative, and expository composition. In all cases, a composition is not merely a piece of writing but rather a composed essay with a logical structure, cohesive organization, and polished grammar. Writing a good composition requires one to have strong writing skills and critical thinking that facilitate the process of creating valuable ideas. For writing a high-quality composition essay, you should take 4 preliminary steps: Read the topic of a composition closely. You should understand what professor expects from your writing in terms of content and style. Usually, professors give a prompt with one or more questions students should deal with while writing their compositions. Thus, you should feel confident that you understand the main purpose, general topic, length requirements, and appropriate tone that pertain to your composition. Create a plan to manage your time effectively. You should divide your time into three equal parts because writing in stages will help you with controlling the time spent on the composition. The first stage is pre-writing one during which you should brainstorm your ideas, conduct online research, and gather your thoughts. The second stage is writing and composing your essay, and the third one is related to editing and revising the paper. Start generating as many ideas as possible. You should brainstorm and choose the strongest and the most interesting ideas that can be included in your paper. At this point, it is not necessary to create a polished thesis statement or strong arguments but rather come up with the basic ideas that you can use later in the essay. Organize your thoughts into a formal outline. Once you decided which ideas, concepts, or arguments can be included in your composition, you can organize them in a formal outline, which will help you begin writing a rough draft. You should try to use complete sentences when organizing your main points for the composition. Before you start working on your paper, you should know specific requirements of each type of a composition: Descriptive. The main purpose of a descriptive composition is to describe a particular person, a piece of art, or a place to form a detailed picture in the reader’s mind. The descriptive composition should be informative, and collected information should be presented with specific details. Narrative. The narrative composition is aimed at telling a story that is usually narrated from the author’s point of view using a lot of sensory details so that a reader can feel involved in the sequence of the story. In such compositions, verbs should be vivid and precise. Expository. The expository composition attempts to define and explain a particular topic with the aim of providing a lesson for a reader. Persuasive. In the persuasive composition, a student is expected to take a firm position on a specific issue and provide reliable arguments to persuade the reader to take appropriate actions. Report. The report is a type of composition in which a student describes a particular event, taking into account what, where, when, why, and how this event occurred. Selecting a Suitable Topic for a Composition If your professor did not provide a specific topic for your composition, you should develop it by yourself. In this situation, your main task is to create an original and strong topic that would contain various aspects worth revealing. For understanding the broader picture related to a particular subject, you should be: Open-minded. You should not concentrate only on a single area within the discipline, try to consider different ideas while selecting a suitable topic. For example, if you are assigned to write a composition that explains the peculiarities of Japanese culture, you should pay attention to not only common traditions and customs of Japan but also cultural features that distinguish this country from any other part of the world. Critical. You should be as objective as possible while choosing an appropriate topic for your composition. For instance, if you have to write a book report, you should not only indicate the author of the book, the names of the main characters, and the place where the story happened, but rather you should dwell on the deeper analysis of the main events and behavior of characters discussed in the book without incorporating your personal feelings and emotions. Enthusiastic. You should be willing to search for the best topic for your composition. Selecting a narrow and simple topic for your paper will not fully demonstrate your mastery in writing. In particular, if you decide to write about the history of the American Civil War, you should go deeper and write about the implications of the Civil War for African Americans, and what kind of nation America became after ending slavery on its territory. After you are critical, open-minded, and enthusiastic when selecting a topic for your composition, you will have more chances to develop a strong theme. The following list of topics will inspire you to organize your ideas and come up with your own topic: The Importance of Being a Good Friend; The Impact of Great Britain on American Culture during the Colonial Period; How Does My Dream Job Look Like; The Way People Form Their Attitudes to Marriage; The Significance of Integrative Jurisprudence; The Cell Division in Eukaryotes; Why Mozart Is Viewed as a Genius; The Relationship between Psychology and Education; The Role of Teachers in Creating a Stimulating Educational Environment. After deciding upon a specific topic for your composition, you should develop a strong thesis statement. Creating a formal outline can help you as you can analyze and organize our arguments in a logical order and come up with a thesis statement of the composition. In fact, a thesis statement is the most significant part of a composition that will guide you through writing the whole paper. In a thesis statement, you should present your position concerning the topic you will defend in the paper. You should remember that a thesis statement summarizes the main points of your composition in a single well-developed sentence. The thesis statement should be a debatable point of view that other scholars or writers could prove or refute. For example, â€Å"William Shakespeares â€Å"Hamlet† is an exciting play that was created in the 1500s† cannot be viewed as a thesis statement because it is a well-known fact that does not need to be proved. Instead, â€Å"William Shakespeares â€Å"Hamlet† influenced the development of playwriting in the 1500s by adding a theme of violence† is a good thesis statement because others can agree or disagree with your position. Basic Structure for a Good Composition: A Few Ideas from LUr Writers In general, the structure of a composition is similar to the structure of an essay and includes the introduction, main body, and the conclusion. Let us look at the composition’s structure closer. Introduction The introduction is the first paragraph of your composition in which you should introduce your topic to the reader, provide sufficient background information, and summarize the main points in a thesis statement. The main purpose of the introduction is to raise the reader’s interest in the topic of your composition. The introductory paragraph usually begins with a general statement, a statistic, a quote, or a question and ends with the thesis statement. In the introduction, it is of vital importance to follow the appropriate structure that will help the reader to understand the content in the main body easier. The main body of a composition is the most significant part of your paper in which you should prove the validity of your thesis statement using strong arguments and providing reliable evidence to back them up. In the main body, you should not only elaborate and expand your thesis statement but also demonstrate your assertion maintained in the arguments with supporting evidence and possible objections. In most cases, in the main body, you should provide different perspectives on the same topic and show how you came up with the final decision. You should remember that the major ideas of your composition should appear in separate paragraphs, and it would be better to present the best arguments at the end of your composition. The three components of the main body include: Elaboration: You should present and clarify relevant information. Illustration: You should provide a broader picture related to your main arguments. Argumentation: You should give the reasons, justifications, and rationale for your position, and explain the importance of your claims. In addition to that, each paragraph in the main body should follow the provided outline: Opening Sentence: Write your argument. Evidence: Give the information that supports the opening sentence. Details: Elaborate more on your ideas. Closing Sentence: Conclude about the argument you have made in the opening sentence. When moving from one argument to another, you should use transitional words to allow your reader to follow your composition easier. Thus, you can use such logical connectors as however, moreover, additionally, besides, nevertheless, furthermore, subsequently, therefore, etc. Conclusion A conclusion is the last part of your composition in which you restate your thesis statement, summarize the main points revealed in the main body, and provide the final judgment reached after consideration. You should try to make your last paragraph appealing so that the reader could believe in your claims. A conclusion should be a synthesis of all arguments that results in the new information about the topic for a reader. As such, the major goal of the conclusion is to leave the reader with the idea that embraces the essence of the main body and, at the same time, provokes further reflection. Proofreading Composition Essay Tips As soon as you have written your composition according to all guidelines, it is necessary to reread and check your work for various mistakes. You should remember that proofreading is an essential part of the entire writing process as mistakes in grammar, punctuation, and spelling can affect not only the flow of your composition but also its general quality. Therefore, you should remember a few simple rules that will help you make your work flow perfectly. Specifically, you should not use the first person â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† in your composition because it will make your paper more informal. All information that is not common knowledge, for example, statistic, quotes, or statements, should be properly cited using a required formatting style to avoid plagiarism issues. Professors usually expect their students to use the MLA formatting style in their compositions. That is why you should check whether you cited the statements of other people and indicated the author and th e number of the page in brackets. Eventually, read your work sentence-by-sentence, paragraph by paragraph to examine its flow thoroughly. While reading your composition, you should pay attention to paragraph structure, mechanical errors, repetition of words, and different figures and charts. You should examine whether your composition looks appealing and coherent. If you feel that any paragraph needs more details, add them to your work as it is the last opportunity for you to improve your composition. You can also invite your friend or someone from your family to proofread your composition and look at your work from their perspective. In the end, make sure that all sentences in your composition are meaningful and related to the main topic. Consequently, this composition essay writing guide will help you to save more time and create an A-grade composition. References How to Make a Composition. (2018). Retrieved from edu.xunta.gal/centros/iesblancoamorculleredo/system/files/how+to+make+a+composition_0.pdf How To Write A Composition for Students. (2017). Retrieved from https://trinitysem.edu/how-to-write-a-whole-composition/ How To Write a Composition: Use These Tips to Improve Your Writing Skills. (2018). edu.xunta.gal/centros/iesblancoamorculleredo/system/files/How+To+Write+a+Composition.pdf Mostafalou, A., Moradi, H. (2017). Baroque Trauerspiel in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Rejection of Aristotelian Tragedy. Journal of Language Teaching and Research,8(1), 184. doi:10.17507/jltr.0801.23 Types of Academic Writing. (2018). Retrieved from https://sydney.edu.au/students/writing/types-of-academic-writing.html Types of Compositions: Introduction. (2018). Retrieved from http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/katmandu/music/mustypin.html Wiberg, M. (2018). Interactive Compositions. The MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262037518.003.0007

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Shawn Hornbeck Kidnapping

Shawn Hornbeck Kidnapping It was a shocking discovery that prompted an emotional response from even the veteran police officers who made it. Looking for a boy who had been kidnapped four days earlier, they found another boy who had been missing for four years. But the miraculous recovery of the missing teen immediately raised as many questions as it answered. On January 12, 2007, the investigation into the disappearance of a 13-year-old Missouri boy  who was last seen four days before getting off the school bus, resulted in the discovery of Shawn Hornbeck, 15, in an apartment near St. Louis. Police serving an arrest warrant in an apartment complex for another person  spotted a white pickup truck that matched the description of one being sought in the disappearance of Ben Ownby, who was last seen near his home in Beaufort, Missouri, about 60 miles southwest of St. Louis. Why Didnt He Escape? When police served a search warrant on the apartment of Michael Devlin, listed as the owner of the pickup truck, they found Ben Ownby along with Hornbeck, who disappeared in October 2002 while riding his bike in Richwoods, Missouri, about 50 miles southwest of St. Louis. Immediately questions were raised as to how Devlin was able to hold Shawn Hornbeck in an apartment for four years without him being able to get away, although he had several opportunities to escape. Neighbors reported seeing young Hornbeck hanging around outside of his apartment complex, unsupervised. He would also ride along the neighborhood streets on his skateboard or bike, alone or with a friend from the complex. When he was nearing the age to get a drivers license, neighbors saw Devlin giving him driving lessons. Most assumed that they were father and son. Hornbeck also had contact with the police four times during his captivity. One time he spoke to the police after he and his girlfriend discovered that his bike had been stolen while parked outside of a shopping mall.   He also had access to a computer and posted on the website dedicated to Hornbeck that his parents put up. He asked in his post how long they would keep looking for their son and he signed it with the name Shawn Devlin. Why didnt he run away? Why didnt he reach out for help? Deal With the Devil When Michael Devlin pleaded guilty in four different courtrooms to charges related to kidnapping and assaulting the two boys, the answers to those questions were revealed. Shortly after Devlin kidnapped Hornbeck, back in 2002, he planned to kill the boy after repeatedly sexually assaulting him. He took Shawn back to Washington County in his pickup truck, he pulled him from the truck and began to strangle him. I attempted to kill (Shawn) and he talked me out of it, Devlin said. He stopped choking the boy and sexually assaulted him again. In what prosecutors called a deal with the devil, Shawn told Devlin at that time that he would do whatever Devlin wanted him to do to stay alive. We know now the details that made him not run away, said Shawns stepfather, Craig Akers. Over the years, Devlin used many methods to control Shawn. The details of the abuse Shawn endured are so horrific and graphic that it was not released by most media outlets, although the reports were readily available. Devlin admitted to making pornographic photographs and videotapes of Shawn and taking him across state lines to engage in sex acts. To continue to control Shawn, Devlin took him with him when he abducted Ben Ownby in January 2007, telling Shawn that because he was in the truck he was an accomplice to the crime. Shawn Protected Ben Ownby Authorities said Shawn was a hero, who tried to protect Ben Ownby from the torture that he had to endure. Devlin told Shawn that he planned to kill Ownby after keeping him a short time. I think that Shawn Hornbeck is really a hero, Ethan Corlija, one of Devlins attorneys, told reporters. He really threw himself on the sword many times so Ben would not have to go through any undue torture. Devlin entered guilty pleas to dozens of charges in four different courts. At last count, he received 74 life sentences to run consecutively, which will keep him in prison the rest of his life. Were just so glad this is the outcome, that the monster is caged and will remain caged, said Craig Akers.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

How the Death Penalty Effects Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

How the Death Penalty Effects Family - Essay Example It is at this point that family members become devastated, hopeless, and left with the feeling of not being in a position of control to eradicate the sentence. Generally speaking when there is a death involved, the people that stay behind are the ones that suffer and morn. They are the ones that maintain the sense of, if I could have done more and what if? They are the ones that need professional help during the justice process, in this case, during the time of sentencing, and after the criminal’s departure. It is an even more a complex situation when inmates are innocent and placed on death row. In some cases they have been placed on death row and because their lawyers could not find the way to defend them or because of a lack of economy, they were put to death. It is even more detrimental when the family members of the convicted have to turn him/her in, to the authorities and when the family members are misled by the authorities in giving information on how the trial will be handled. This is the case of the Unabomber family members. They were told that Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber, would be treated from a humanistic point of view since he suffered schizophrenia, a mental illness. It was handled in this way only until his arrest. When he was arrested all officials looking into the case and wanted a person identified of these actions arrested, changed their modus operandi. They were no longer the humanistic types of persons who proceeded with the case. The focus of the Justice Department was refocused, â€Å"†¦on the goal of taking a human life† (Kaczynski, 2007). Ted ´s family questioned the prosecutors ´ in change of continuing the case, given another set of rules. They were overwhelmed about this turn around. Kaczynski (2007) thought of the ramifications of this change of thought from the Prosecutors ´ office and how this would discourage other families in following Ted’s family example